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From Zeno to Novat: programmable finality in tokenised settlement

5 May 2026 / Author(s): Ciarán McGonagle
Issue: May 2026 / Categories: Feature

The evolution of laws relating to financial settlement has long reflected an ongoing accommodation between legal and operational certainty. Tokenisation seeks to reconcile these dimensions, promising legally final and enforceable transfer alongside instantaneous, automated execution. The Novat Protocol is one example, introducing a programmable structure in which settlement obligations are expressed as transient digital instructions that are contractually stapled to underlying assets and extinguished upon registration of title. This article examines the legal character of that structure, focusing on stapling, extinguishment and negotiability.

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