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The third-country branch requirement, reverse solicitation and grandfathering: unresolved questions under Art 21c

26 September 2026 / Author(s): Annie Harvey , Daniel Hirschfield
Issue: October 2026 / Categories: Feature
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Article 21c requires non-EU lenders to establish a locally authorised branch before providing core banking services within a Member State’s territory, replacing the patchwork of national regimes with a single EU-wide framework. However, key elements of CRD VI are drafted on a minimum-harmonisation basis and Member States have transposed the Directive with markedly different speed and rigour, meaning non-EU lenders continue to face a nuanced, jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction landscape. This article examines that landscape together with some particular challenges: the reverse solicitation exemption, the scope of grandfathering protections, and the meaning of carrying out activities “in the relevant Member State”.

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